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Permanent Collection

1600–1700

Matteo Ghidoni

(Padua?, c. 1626 – Padua, 1689)

A Robbers` Den
17th Century, oil, canvas, 75 x 120,5 cm

NG S 2104, National Gallery of Slovenia, Ljubljana
The canvas depicts several groups of people at various tasks near classical ruins with a statue on one of them; beside them is a herd of cattle, in the background at the left a stable with horses, while on the right the view opens to the sea with a ship. The paintings (cat. nos. 16 and 17) are masterly works, rich in various episodes, and can be attributed to Matteo de’ Pitocchi not least because of the echoes of Callot’s prints, which can always be sensed when we look at Pitocchi’s work. Of particular interest is the scenographic effect, which is almost theatrical; the backgrounds and the animation of some of the groups also bring to mind, beside their Venetian accents, the Roman bamboccianti. Two canvases very similar to ours (both measuring 37 x 87 cm) were sold in Rome (Christie’s, 22 March 1988, Auction No. 158) as works of the little known Ernest Deret. Our two paintings probably date from a not very late creative period of Matteo de’ Pitocchi.

Preservation: Good. The picture was cut at the edges at some time.
Restored: 1991, Kemal Selmanović.
Provenance: Unknown. On the back of the relined canvas is a stamp: DOGANA / E. T./ VOLOSCA, on a label an inscription in ink: Attribuito: Jean Asselijn / nato a Diepen 1610, morto Amsterdam / 1660. Ollandese, scolaro e seguace /di Berchem e Both./ Ha lavorato diversi anni in Italia / Roma e Genova. / Opere del suo penello si trovano / nei musei di Roma, Genova, Dresden, / Berlino, Vienna. – Government of Slovenia, hung in a corridor in Brdo Castle near Kranj; transferred to the Narodna galerija in 1986.
Exhibitions: 1960, Ljubljana, No. 110; 1993, Ljubljana, No. 26.
Lit.: Cevc 1960, p. 41, Cat. No. 110 (Asselijn (Aslein) Jan, called Krabbetje: Scene from the Dutch Revolt (?) II); Zeri and Rozman 1993, pp. 106, 146, Cat. No. 26, Fig. 13; Da Caravaggio, 1998, p. 479 (text Silvia A. Colombo).

From Mannerism to Baroque
Although imported early-Baroque works prevailed in this period and those by itinerant artists, the 17th century paved the way for the future. The political circumstances in the region were relatively stabilized in spite of the Thirty Year War and the patronage gradually grew stronger. The arrival of the Jesuits in Ljubljana, the activity of the polymath Johann Weichard Valvasor, particularly his graphic workshop at Bogenšperk/Wagensperg Castle, and the foundation of the Academia operosorum at the end of the century were the key events of the time. 

Characteristic of sculptural production on the Slovenian territory in the 17th century were the so-called “golden altars”. As a rule, these were gilded and polychrome carved wooden retables with rich ornamentation, first with crustaceous patterns which turned into vine and grapes that covered architectural framework until the achantus foliage took over and obliterated architectural structure completely. The making of golden altars included several branches of fine arts: prints, carving, gilding, painting. Religious painting of the first half of the century still contains Mannerist elements; in the second half also secular motifs became more numerous, particularly genre scenes and aristocratic portraits. The artworks mainly echo northern early-Baroque influences. 

Noteworthy among the newcomers who settled in Carniola with their workshops were the painter and gilder Hans Georg Geiger von Geigerfeld in the mid-century, who had moved to Carniola from the region of the Central Alps, and the Fleming Almanach in the third quarter of the 17th century, known only by his nickname, who worked here only for a few years. The extraordinary productivity and skills of the latter are evidenced by his rare surviving works, mentions in Valvasor’s books, and aristocratic probate inventories.