Menu Shopping cart
Your basket is empty.
Support us
PISAVA
VELIKOST

CTRL+ ZA POVEČAVO
CTRL- ZA POMANJŠAVO

VELIKE/MALE
STIL
Permanent Collection

1870–1900

Rihard Jakopič

(Ljubljana, 1869–1943)

Henrik Czerny
1899, oil, canvas, 153 x 102,5 cm

NG S 626, National Gallery of Slovenia, Ljubljana

This portrait of Henrik Czerny led to a misunderstanding in art history, as it was dated to a decade too early, assuming that the subject is the artist’s father-in-law instead of brother-in-law. Jakopič painted his peer and friend in a modern, urban salon, perhaps even in Czerny’s apartment, seated upon a secessionist settee between two windows that open the room up towards the opposing light. The painter took a stance directly in front of his subject, clearly painting him while standing somewhat above him. Dressed sharply in the urbane style, Henrik Czerny’s posture is ambivalent. He seems to be seated comfortably, but his right hand, placed across his lap and keeping his cane and top hat in place, hints at internal tension, even impatience at being forced to keep still and pose. The composition is designed in planes parallel to the painting’s surface, and so the subject’s thighs and the back of the settee are spatially contracted. Above his head hangs a painting in a double stick frame with its own source of internal illumination. The enigmatic arrangement of the peacock feathers behind the settee makes for a true Peacock Throne, though it is doubtful Jakopič was familiar with the symbolism of the Mayura Throne in the Indian tradition. It would be easier to understand in the Ovidian sense as an attribute of the guardian to his younger sister Ana Czerny, though their mother, nee Kraschewitz, had been deceased since 1883. Nonetheless, the feathers arranged into a true tail and situated in the painting as the upper part of a mandorla make it hard to resist an attempt at a symbolic interpretation of that extraordinary detail. This urban portrait is one of Jakopič’s earliest impressionist works, as he interpreted the contrasts formed by the opposing light source and the deep shadows with an intense palette of clashing blue and yellow with red embellishments around the core of the subject’s white shirt.



From Romanticism to Realism
The first traces of realism can be observed in the late landscapes by Anton Karinger. In the late 1860s, encouraged by examples from Munich, he gradually discovered the value of a random landscape view. Possibly from direct observation in situ his pictures of forest sections were made then, oil sketches on a small-scale, rendered in free, painterly brushwork, which can also be traced in his select mountainscapes. 

With his highly moral and artistic attitude Janez Wolf paved the way for realist tendencies. He was a teacher to the Šubic brothers, Janez and Jurij, and Anton Ažbe. Wolf elevated the status of the artist from the previous level of a craftsman to the level of an artist with a higher mission. He stimulated his pupils to take up studies at art academies and facilitated their enrolments through his personal connections. Wolf’s religious works demonstrate inclination to the art of the Nazarenes, which replaced the older rural Baroque tradition. Wolf’s monumental manner of presenting the human figure by way of emphasizing volume was carried on in the sphere of religious painting by Janez Šubic. While Janez Šubic made use of traditional models of above all Venetian painting, realism in Jurij Šubic’s religious subjects is manifest in pedantic historical and topographical definition of costumes, e.g. in his painting Sts Cosmas and Damien. During his years in Paris, Jurij Šubic worked with the Czech artists Vojteˇch Hynais and Václav Brožík, the Hungarian Mihály Munkácsy and the Croat Vlaho Bukovac, who later took a teaching post at the Prague academy. 

Ivan Franke’s travel to the Far East gave rise to a more original style of vedute painting, with an obvious intention of rendering light in a different way.
Realism
Weak and unambitious local demand and the absence of academic centres meant that most Realist and academically trained artists spent a great deal of their creative lives in major art centres, first in Venice, Rome and Vienna, then also in Munich and Paris. 

Slovenian painters of the Realist period can be divided into two generations. In the works by the older generation, which includes Janez Šubic and Jurij Šubic, detachment can be observed from the contents and formal language of traditional religious themes and tendencies towards a more exact observation of reality and ever more obvious dealing with painting issues. Realistic approach is evident in Janez’s treatment of the sitters in the portraits of his family members and in Jurij’s down¬to-earth portraits of his contemporaries. Both brothers also tackled the question of psychological characterization in their portraits. The landscape studies in oil which Janez spontaneously sketched in the vicinity of Rome are our earliest plein-air vedute. Jurij’s professional paths led him to Athens and Paris, then to Normandy. While there, he painted minute genre scenes, rendered as plain-air pieces, and he devised the motif which he subsequently elaborated into the picture Before the Hunt which was successfully exhibited at the Salon in Paris. Jointly with his brother Janez he received a prestigious commission to paint frescoes in the Provincial (now National) Museum in Ljubljana. 

Jožef Petkovšek, too, relied on French realists and traditions of salon painting in his realist plein-air picture Washerwomen by the Ljubljanica. In his Landscape by a River he already dealt with a purely artistic issue of light and reflections, which brought him close to the Impressionist search. In contrast, his interiors are marked with dark, cool metallic colouring with sharp beams of light, which imbues the genre-like protagonists with anxious, frozen expression. 

Ferdo Vesel was inclined to experiment extensively with figure, colour, and technique, which brought him close to the Impressionist search.